To cross the Russian border legally, you must follow these key steps:

1. Ensure you have a valid passport with at least 6 months validity remaining4.

2. Obtain a valid Russian visa stamped in your current, valid passport4. You cannot enter Russia with a visa in an expired passport.

3. Enter Russia only through authorized border checkpoints1. For foreign citizens, this generally means arriving by air at international airports or using official land border crossings.

4. When entering Russia, you will need to:

   • Go through passport control and present your passport and visa3
   • Fill out a migration card, which will be provided to you3
   • Go through customs and declare any items as required3

5. Keep your migration card safe during your stay, as you'll need it when departing Russia2.

For land border crossings:

• There are no authorized checkpoints for foreigners to cross the Russia-Belarus border by road or rail1. Foreigners can only travel between Russia and Belarus by direct flights1.

• When crossing other land borders, be prepared to comply with entry requirements of the destination country, which may differ from air travel requirements5.

• Not all border crossings may be open, so check in advance5.

Important notes:

• Use only commercial travel options still available to leave Russia5.
• Be aware that U.S.-issued credit and debit cards may not work in Russia due to sanctions5.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) for updates and easier contact in emergencies5.

Remember to always check the latest requirements with the Russian embassy or consulate before travel, as regulations can change frequently.